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The Shultz machine's main innovation was automatic storage of information for later retrieval. Shultz Company's introduction of the automatic or repetitive typewriter, perhaps the greatest step from the typewriter towards modern word processing. 9 It "greatly increased typing speeds and quickly gained wide acceptance in the business community." 10 In the 1930s IBM introduced a more refined version, the IBM Electromatic. Thomas Edison patented an electric typewriter in 1872, but the first workable model was not introduced until the 1920s.
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7 Typewriting was put within the reach of individuals by the development of portable models, first marketed in the early 1900s. Businesses, which had hitherto had their records and correspondence written and copied by hand, found their paperwork could be done more quickly and legibly on the typewriter.
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6Įventually, at first in the corporate sector, the typewriter began to catch on. These included: the shift key, which made it possible to type both capital and lower-case letters with the same keys (1878) printing on the upper side of the roller (1880) and the tab key, permitting the setting of margins (1897).
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5Īcceptance of the typewriter was slow at first, but was facilitated over the next several years by various improvements. 4 The main drawback of this model was that it printed on the underside of the roller, so that the typist could not view his work until he had finished. It began to be marketed commercially in 1874, rather improbably by a gun manufacturing company, E.
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3Ĭhristopher Latham Sholes, with the assistance of two colleagues, invented the first successful manual typewriter in 1867. The fact that almost nothing is known about his early version today is evidence of its lack of success. Henry Mill, an English engineer of the early eighteenth century, is credited with its invention. But the first major advance from manual writing as far as the individual was concerned was the typewriter. The invention of printing and moveable type at the end of the Middle Ages 2 was the initial step in this automation. 1 The history of word processing is the story of the gradual automation of the physical aspects of writing and editing, and the refinement of the technology to make it available to individual and corporate users. It evolved from the needs of writers rather than those of mathemeticians, only later merging with the computer field. Word processing did not develop out of computer technology. It reflects the industry situation of that time, and should not be used either as a guide to current industry standards or to the present state of the art. 61 class at Foothill College, Los Altos Hills, California. Note: This paper was written in December, 1986 for a CIS 50 - Sec.
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